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- Foreshadowing and Flashback
- Two Writing Techniques That Make Fitzgerald A Great Writer by Jonathan Werne
-
- " 'Suppose you met somebody just as careless as yourself.' 'I hope I never
- will,' she [Jordan] answered. 'I hate careless people. That's why I like you.' "
- (Fitzgerald, pg. 63) Jordan is explaining to Nick how she is able to drive badly as
- long as everyone else drives carefully. This quote represents the writing technique of
- foreshadowing, which is being used in one of its finest form. Fitzgerald is
- foreshadowing to chapter seven where Daisy kills Myrtle Wilson because of her reckless
- driving. Fitzgerald uses foreshadowing to strengthen the plot of his book. In chapter
- nine, Nick begins to recall the past and relive his old memories. His must relieve his
- lingering thoughts of the past. During the chapter, Nick uses a flashback to tell about
- Gatsby's funeral for the readers to know what happen the day Gatsby was shot. Flashback
- in The Great Gatsby also helps to give the reader background information about the
- characters. In The Great Gatsby, the structure of the novel is influenced by
- foreshadowing and flashback.
- Fitzgerald utilizes foreshadowing to the best of its ability to help organize
- the novel. "Luckily the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of
- his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back in
- place. 'I'm sorry about the clock,' he said. 'It's an old clock,' I told him
- idiotically." (Fitzgerald, pg. 92) This quote is the first use of foreshadowing which
- is in chapter five. It pertains to all of the trouble Gatsby causes as he tries to win
- Daisy back. The past is represented by the clock and how Gatsby wants to repeat it with
- Daisy. (Eble, pg. 963) This quote foreshadows to the end of the novel when Nick is left
- to tell the story of the dreamer whose dreams were corrupted.
- (Eble, pg. 963) "they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into
- their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and
- let other people clean up the mess they had made." (Fitzgerald, pg. 188) In chapter
- six, Fitzgerald focuses on the first moment of disillusionment which Gatsby has.
- (Magill, pg. 90) " 'Can't repeat the past?' he cried incredulously. 'Why of course you
- can!' " (Fitzgerald, pg. 116) This quote is clearly foreshadowing almost the entire
- book. It foreshadows Gatsby's attempts to woe Daisy for Tom and tries to make things
- the way they were before he left for the army . It also alludes to the fact that he
- must be rich and powerful to do that. Overall, it shows that he destroys himself trying
- to get Daisy back from Tom Buchanan. In the beginning of chapter eight Fitzgerald
- foreshadows the death of Gatsby. "I couldn't sleep all night; a fog-horn was groaning
- incessantly on the Sound, and I tossed half sick between grotesque reality and savage
- frightening dreams. I heard a taxi go up Gatsby's drive and immediately I jumped out of
- bed and began to dress- I felt that I had something to tell him, something to warn him
- about and morning would be too late."
- (Fitzgerald, pg.154) This quote definitely foreshadows the death of Gatsby.
- Fitzgerald also foreshadows Wilson's involvement when his wife died. " 'He murdered
- her.' 'It was an accident, George.' Wilson shook his head. His eyes narrowed and his
- mouth widened slightly with the ghost of superior 'Hm!' " (Fitzgerald, pg. 166) This
- quote clearly tells the readers that George is not going to let the person who he thinks
- killed his wife get away with it. Foreshadowing is sparingly displayed though out the
- novel and especially in the last chapters.
- Flashback is used quite often in The Great Gatsby. Jordan begins to remember
- when she met Gatsby with Daisy for the first time and how they were in love. "One
- October day in nineteen- seventeen.....The largest of the banners and the largest of the
- lawns belonged to Daisy Fay's house. She was just eighteen....His name was Jay Gatsby
- and I didn't lay eyes on him again for over four years." (Fitzgerald, pg. 80) As the
- reader can clearly see, Jordan begins to narrate about the first and last time that she
- saw Gatsby with Daisy which was four years ago. In chapter eight, Nick flashes back to
- the night of Myrtle's death and begins to tell the story of what went on after her
- death. "Now I want to go back a little and tell what happened at the garage after we
- left there the night before." (Fitzgerald, pg. 163) Nick tells the reader about how
- Wilson thought he had figured out who had killed his wife. Nick follows step by step as
- he walks all the way to Tom Buchanan's. Nick then describes Wilson killing Gatsby in
- the pool and then Wilson killing himself.
- In chapter nine, another flashback is told by Nick. Nick recalls the night of
- Gatsby's death, and the next day, when all the policemen were at Gatsby's house.
- "After two years I remember the rest of that day, and that night and the next day, only
- as an endless drill of police and photographers and newspaper men in and out of Gatsby's
- front door." (Fitzgerald, pg.171) Nick then proceeds into another flashback where he is
- trying to get people to come to Gatsby's funeral. During this flashback Nick finally
- meets Gatsby's father, Mr. Gatz, who came to his son's funeral. "Next morning I sent
- the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged
- him to come out on the next train. [for Gatsby's funeral]...When the butler brought back
- Wolfshiem's answer I began to have a feeling of defiance.....The third day that a
- telegram signed Henry C. Gatz arrived from a town in Minnesota...It was Gatsby's
- father." (Fitzgerald, pg. 175) In the last sentence of the novel the reader realizes
- the story is being told as seen through the eyes of a Dutch sailor which transports the
- reader into the past. (Magill, pg. 91) "Boats against the current, borne back
- ceaselessly into the past." (Fitzgerald, pg. 189)
- As one can see, the book came to life through the use of flashback and
- foreshadowing. These two main ingredients in this novel made it possible for the reader
- to be able to understand Gatsby the way Fitzgerald does. It also helps one to
- understand Gatsby's relentless pursuit of the American dream. These two elements of the
- novel were weaved into a great book that was read and adored by millions of readers and
- school students.
-
- Works Cited
- Eble, Kenneth. F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. 1963
-
- Magill, Frank N. "Fitzgerald, F. Scott." Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank
- N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1983. 953-967.
-
- Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1925.